ACADEMY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

1998 NATIONAL
CONFERENCE
APRIL 14-19, 1998

Clarion Essex Park Hotel
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

WELCOME

It is my pleasure to welcome all participants to the 1998 National Conference of the
Academy of Business Administration.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to everyone who
contributed their time, energy and expertise to making this conference a success.
Each participant’s contribution helps the Academy fulfill its mission of disseminating
high quality research in the field of business administration.

Each conference owes a large debt to the program committee. The area coordinators
and track chairs have done a wonderful job of soliciting and reviewing quality work
for this conference. Their efforts were coordinated by Roy Farris as Program Chair
and Sara Hart and Harold Lucius as Program Co Chairs. I am deeply grateful to the
diligent and highly effective job done by Roy Farris in putting together an outstanding
committee and effectively managing this project. Sara Hart, as always, has done a
marvelous job and made things easier for both Roy and me. Harold Lucius has also
pitched in and made every effort to ensure a successful conference. Although Sam
Fullerton is not with us at this conference you do not have to look far to find evidence
of his efforts.

For the first time Sammy Amin is not here. I feel incomplete as a result of this. There
is no doubt in my mind that the ABA has suffered a terrible loss with the passing of
Sammy. Sammy took the ABA from a wild fantasy to a hard reality and he did it with a
singular style. Sammy left an indelible impression on so many people. Because of his
efforts many of us feel we have found a home away from home in the ABA. Sammy
constantly sought new ways to encourage and attract people to the ABA. I think it is a
testimony to his success that many of our participants have been to a number of our
conferences and plan on coming back again. I worked side by side with Sammy from
the beginning of the ABA. We shared ideas, dreams, nightmares, successes, failures,
and a lot of laughs. I will always miss him, I think we all will.

Each of these individuals has taken on an unusual burden for the benefit of us all, and
we thank them. Still, it is the participants who have contributed their work, the thoughtful
comments of the reviewers and the lively discussions of this work that truly make us
proud of this conference. I hope you enjoy the conference and your stay in the
wonderful city of Toronto.

Dr. David L. Moore
Conference Chair



A WORD FROM THE PROGRAM CHAIR

Welcome to the 1998 National Conference of the Academy of Business Administration.
The membership of the ABA continues to pursue enriching and enlightening research
agendas which have resulted in a significant number of high quality papers, panels,
and workshops for everyone to enjoy during this conference. With the wide array of
topics to be presented, I am confident that everyone will find a number of sessions
which he/she can enjoy and find quite interesting and informative. Remember to
participate actively in the sessions you attend to make the experiences as enriching
as possible. Positive interaction during the sessions contributes substantially to the
success of the conference.

I should like to thank all those individuals who submitted papers, proposals for panel
presentations, and workshop proposals for consideration for presentation during the
conference. In addition, I appreciate the efforts of all those individuals who served as
reviewers of the papers, panel proposals, and workshop proposals that were submitted
for consideration. The careful consideration given by the reviewers to the work of
others is gratefully acknowledged by the members of the Academy. Special thanks are
also extended to those who will be presenting papers, participating in the special
sessions, serving as session chairs and discussants, and assisting in other activities
during the conference.

I most gratefully acknowledge the significant contributions of those individuals who
served as area coordinators and track chairs, without whose assistance such a
monumental task could never have been accomplished. It is truly their efforts that have
made this conference a reality. I am especially thankful for the assistance provided by
my colleagues at Southeast Missouri State University who served as area coordinators
and track chairs. I especially appreciate the efforts of my colleague Dr. Frank Chong
who not only served as track chair but who also assisted me in so many other ways in
carrying out the responsibilities of Program Chair.

Co-Program Chairs, Sara Hart and Harold Lucius, are to be commended for their
contributions and support during the past year. Among those individuals whose efforts
I appreciate the most are Dr. David Moore and Dr. Sam Fullerton. Regardless of the
number of times I asked for assistance from them, they were very gracious in providing
it. Each of these individuals deserves the highest praise and recognition for the
substantial contributions each has made to the success of the Academy of Business
Administration during the years since its inception.

I would surely be remiss if I failed to acknowledge the substantial contributions and
untiring efforts of the late Dr. Sammy G. Amin, the founder and president of the
Academy of Business Administration. Negotiating with hotels around the world, Sammy
was able to schedule our conferences in some of the most interesting and exciting
locations at very competitive rates in his efforts to keep the conference participants
satisfied. His emphasis upon advancing business education and fostering the
dissemination of high quality research will continue as a major goal of the ABA.
A loyal friend and colleague, Sammy will be sorely missed by all of us.

Last year’s conference in Cancun was a tremendous success. I am looking forward
to an equally successful conference in Toronto. Please take advantage of the excellent
program that has been planned for you, and enjoy your visit to Toronto. Please contact
Dr. David Moore, Dr. Sara Hart, Dr. Harold Lucius, or me if you have any questions.
We hope you enjoy the conference and that you will continue to participate in the
conferences of the ABA. Welcome to Toronto.

Dr. Roy Farris
Program Chair



SCHEDULE FOR SPECIAL EVENTS

TUESDAY, APRIL 14
1:00 PM – 5:00 PM ---> Registration
7:00 PM – 9:00 PM ---> Welcome Reception

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15
9:00 AM – 1:00 PM ---> Registration
9:00 AM – 9:30 AM ---> Coffee Break
9:30 AM – 11:00 AM-> Competitive Sessions
11:00 AM – 11:30 AM -> Coffee Break
11:30 AM – 1:00 PM --> Special Session I “Escalating into Tomorrow’s
------------------------------> Learner-Centered World”
11:30 AM – 1:00 PM --> Competitive Sessions
7:00 PM – 9:00 PM ----> Reception

THURSDAY, APRIL 16

9:00 AM – 1:30 PM ---> Registration
9:00 AM – 9:30 AM ---> Coffee Break
9:30 AM – 11:00 AM --> Competitive Sessions
11:00 AM – 11:30 AM --> Coffee Break
11:30 AM – 1:00 PM ---> Special Session II “Parables of Leadership:
------------------------------- Once Upon a Time: Using Teaching Stories to Illustrate
------------------------------- Teaching Concepts”
11:30 AM – 1:00 PM ---> Competitive Sessions
1:30 PM – 3:30 PM ---> Luncheon

7:00 PM – 9:00 PM ---> Reception

FRIDAY, APRIL 17

9:00 AM – 3:30 PM ---> Registration
9:00 AM – 9:30 AM ---> Coffee Break
9:30 AM – 11:00 AM --> Competitive Sessions
11:00 AM – 11:30 AM --> Coffee Break
11:30 AM – 1:00 PM ---> Special Session III “Promoting Ongoing and
-------------------------------- Immediate Performance: The Key to Avoiding
-------------------------------- Problems with Learning Groups”
11:30 AM – 1:00 PM ---> Competitive Sessions
6:00 PM – 7:00 PM ---> Reception
7:00 PM – 9:00 PM ---> Awards Banquet

SATURDAY, APRIL 18

9:00 AM – 1:30 PM ---> Registration
9:00 AM – 9:30 AM ---> Coffee Break
9:30 AM – 11:00 AM --> Competitive Sessions
11:00 AM – 11:30 AM --> Coffee Break
11:30 AM – 1:00 PM --> Competitive Sessions
7:00 PM – 9:00 PM ---> Farewell Toronto, Hello Barcelona Reception

SUNDAY, APRIL 19
HAVE A SAFE TRIP HOME!


1998 PROGRAM COMMITTEE

CONFERENCE CHAIR:
Dr. David L. Moore
LeMoyne College
PROGRAM CHAIR:
Dr. Roy Farris
Southeast Missouri
State University
PROGRAM CO-CHAIRS:
Dr. Harold Lucius
Rowan University
Dr. Sara Hart
Sam Houston
State University

INTERNATIONAL COORDINATORS

AREA COORDINATORS

    ACADEMIC/BUSINESS EXHIBITS
    Dr. Sara Hart, Sam Houston State University

    ACCOUNTING
    Dr. Gary Johnson, Southeast Missouri State University

    BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
    Dr. Richard Featheringham, Central Michigan University

    CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS ISSUES
    Dr. Jack Sterrett, Southeast Missouri State University

    DEANS’ SESSIONS
    Dr. John Fluker, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

    DECISION SCIENCES/INFORMATION SYSTEMS
    Dr. Virginia B. Levsen, Coastal Carolina University

    ECONOMICS
    Dr. Terry Sutton, Southeast Missouri State University

    FINANCE
    Dr. Ravi Kamath, Cleveland State University

    GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL STRATEGY
    Dr. Felix Abeson, Coppin State College

    MANAGEMENT
    Dr. Lillian H. Chaney, The University of Memphis

    MARKETING
    Dr. David L. Moore, LeMoyne College

    NON PROFIT, PUBLIC SECTOR AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
    Dr. Michael Payne, Grand Valley State University

    SPECIAL SESSIONS, WORKSHOPS AND SEMINARS
    Dr. Arnie Hilgert, Northern Arizona University

    TEACHING EXCELLENCE AWARDS
    Dr. Robert Alexander, Marshall University


    TRACK CHAIRS

    ACCOUNTING
    Dr. Sheldon Langsam, Western Michigan University
    Dr. Timothy McCoy, University of Texas – Pan American
    Dr. Nace Magner, Western Kentucky University
    Dr. Anthony Varnon, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. Jack Elfrink, Central Missouri State University

    BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
    Dr. Bonni Baker, Siena College
    Dr. Larry L. Thomas, Central Michigan University
    Professor Sue Switzer, Central Michigan University
    Dr. John Olivo, Bloomsburg University
    Professor Paula Brown, Northern Illinois University
    Dr. Chester Wolford, Pennsylvania State University

    CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS ISSUES
    Dr. Kristine N. Palmer, Longwood College
    Dr. G. Dean Palmer, Longwood College
    Dr. Ram Kesavan, University of Detroit – Mercy
    Dr. James Buckenmyer, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. David Kim, University of Central Arkansas

    DECISION SCIENCES/INFORMATION SYSTEMS
    Dr. Virginia B. Levsen, Coastal Carolina University
    Dr. James A. Bell, University of Central Arkansas
    Dr. Chellappan Somarajan, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. Peter Barr, Coastal Carolina University
    Dr. Ivan Blanco, Barry University

    ECONOMICS
    Dr. Diane Primont, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. Terry Sutton, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. Frank Marvasti, University of Redlands

    FINANCE
    Dr. Shomir Sil, Purdue University – Calumet
    Dr. William Nelson, Indiana University Northwest
    Dr. Pat Obi, Purdue University – Calumet

    GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL STRATEGY
    Dr. Nanda Rangan, Ohio University
    Dr. Frank Chong, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. Felix Abeson, Coppin State College
    Dr. Alfonso Ogbuehi, St. Joseph University

    MANAGEMENT
    Dr. John A. Parnell, Texas A&M University – Commerce
    Dr. Mary Lemons, University of Tennessee – Martin
    Dr. Casimir Barczyk, Purdue University – Calumet
    Professor Gary Lubbert, Rockford College
    Dr. Coy Jones, The University of Memphis

    MARKETING
    Dr. Judy Wiles, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. Charles Wiles, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. William Lewis, University of Dayton
    Dr. John J. Considine, LeMoyne College
    Dr. David L. Moore, LeMoyne College
    Dr. Richard Plank, Western Michigan University

    NON PROFIT, PUBLIC SECTOR AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
    Dr. Michael Payne, Grand Valley State University
    Dr. Peter Bergerson, Southeast Missouri State University
    Dr. William L. Weber, Southeast Missouri State University

REVIEWERS

Felix Abeson
Bonni Baker
Casimir Barczyk
James Bell
Nick Blanchard
Ivan Blanco
James Buckenmyer
William Carden
Lillian H. Chaney
Frank Chong
Mussadeq Chowdhurry
Claudia Cines-Blanchard
Doug Clinton
John Considine
Nancy Csapo
Selhattin Dibooglu
Nicholas DiMarco
Nancy A. Dittman
Jim Eason
Craig Ehlen
Jack Elfrink
Olice Embry
Roy Farris
Rafat Fazeli
Will Garland
Donald Gribben
Ken Griffin
Seid Hassan
James M. Henson
Kenneth Holt
Margaret Hoskins
Richard Jelier
Robert Jordan
David Joy
Robert Joy
Janice C. Keil
Peter Kerr
David Kim
Jerry G. Kreuze
Greg Krippel
Gary Kritz
Sheldon Langsam
Claire LaRoche
Patricia Lash
Greg Lepak
Donald Lester
Virginia B. Levsen
William Lewis
Harold Little
Gary Lubbert
John Lucas
Nace Magner
John Malley
Franklyn Manu
Frank Marvasti
Tim McCoy
Wayne McWee
Michael Menefee
J. Paul Merenski
David L. Moore
Fareer Munir
Robert Nale
Bertil Nyman
Randall Odom
Alfonso 0. Ogbuehi
John J. Olivo
G. Dean Palmer
Kristine N. Palmer
Richard Palmer
James E. Payne, Jr.
Michael Payne
Tim Pett
Merton Powell
Diane Primont
Joseph Rosetti
Maryellen Rosetti
Dawn Scheffler
S. Kim Sokoya
Chellappan Somarajan
John R. Sparks
Vernon Stauble
Ken Stone
Stan Stough
Terry Sutton
Susan Switzer
Michael A. Taku
Larry L. Thomas
Paul Bart Trescott
Donna VanIwaarden
Anthony Varnon
Sam Wathen
William L. Weber
Steven White
Belinda Wholeben
Carol Bormann Young
 Coppin State College
Siena College
Purdue University – Calumet
University of Central Arkansas
Eastern Michigan University
Barry University
Southeast Missouri State University
North Carolina Central University
The University of Memphis
Southeast Missouri State University
University of Redlands
Siena Heights College
Central Missouri State University
LeMoyne College
Central Michigan University
Southern Illinois University
Webster University
Bloomsburg University
Coastal Carolina University
University of Southern Indiana
Central Missouri State University
Columbus State University
Southeast Missouri State University
University of Redlands
Coastal Carolina University
Southern Illinois University
University of Central Arkansas
Murray State University
Barry University
Union University
Henderson State University
Grand Valley State University
University of Wisconsin – Superior
Central Missouri State University
Central Missouri State University
Bloomsburg University
Southeast Missouri State University
University of Central Arkansas
Western Michigan University
Carolina University
Coastal Carolina University
Western Michigan University
Longwood College
Barry University
LeMoyne College
Union University
Coastal Carolina University
University of Dayton
Western Kentucky University
Rockford College
Purdue University – Calumet
Western Kentucky University
University of Central Arkansas
Morgan State University
University of Redlands
University of Texas – Pan American
Longwood College
Purdue University
University of Dayton
LeMoyne College
Siena College
Coastal Carolina University
Rockford College
Texas A&M University – Commerce
St. Joseph’s University
Bloomsburg University
Longwood College
Longwood College
University of Tennessee – Martin
Eastern Kentucky University
Grand Valley State University
Wichita State University
Central Michigan University
Southeast Missouri State University
Siena College
Siena College
Central Michigan University
Middle Tennessee State University
Southeast Missouri State University
University of Dayton
California State Polytechnic University – Pomona
Central Missouri State University
Southeast Missouri State University
Southeast Missouri State University
Central Michigan University
Lincoln University
Central Michigan University
Southern Illinois University
Grand Valley State University
Southeast Missouri State University
Coastal Carolina University
Southeast Missouri State University
Western Kentucky University
Rockford College
Metropolitan State University

INDEX OF PARTICIPANTS

Felix Abeson 11, 12, 14, 26, 39, 49
Bahram Adrangi 30
Sunita S. Ahlawat 20
Robert P. Alexander 11, 50, 51
Ramadan Al-Sharrah 23
Rolf Anderson 26
Joseph P. Anthamatten 32
Jorge Ardiles 44
Bala Arshanapalli 41
Nader Asgary 23, 32
Imad B. Baalbaki 33
Duane P. Bachman 47
Bonni Baker 12, 14, 34
Casimir Barczyk 12, 14, 50
Russell Barnett 30
Peter B. Barr 12
C. Christopher Baughn 32
James A. Bell 12, 14, 46
Guy Bensusan 27
Peter Bergerson 13
Nick Blanchard 14
Ivan Blanco 12, 14
Sandra Braathen 34
Paula Brown 12
James Buckenmyer 12, 14
Robert B. Burney 22
William Carden 14
Lillian H. Chaney 11, 14, 26, 32
Roy Farris 6, 10, 14, 21, 22, 28
Rafat Fazeli 14
Richard Featheringham 10, 34
Dawne Flammger 25
John Fluker 11
Joseph Franco 20
Will Garland 14
Satyajit Ghosh 49
Nancy Goettel 22, 31
Donald Gribben 14
Ken Griffin 14
Dale D. Gust 19
Sara Hart 10, 26, 30
Seid Hassan 14
Anne Heartfield 45
James M. Henson 14
Jannett Highfill 49
Arnie Hilgert 11, 27, 36, 48, 52
Kathy L. Hill 19, 24, 45
Monica C. Holmes 31, 35, 46
Kenneth Holt 14
Margaret Hoskins 14
Steven C. Hunt 42
Jagan Iyengar 47
Yousef Jahmani 29
Joe James 45
Richard Jelier 14
Eva K. Jermakowicz 29
Gary G. Johnson 10, 20, 29, 42
Coy Jones 12, 28
Robert Jordan 14
David Joy 15
Frank Marvasti 12, 15, 25, 49
Timothy McCoy 11, 15
Paul McGrath 30
Ronald McTavish 39
Wayne McWee 15
Rajiv Mehta 26
Michael Menefee 15
Mohan K. Menon 39
J. Paul Merenski 15, 33
Arthur J. Merinelli 37
Larry K. Michaelsen 43, 48
Albert J Milhomme 52
Brian K. Miller 40
Shirley A.D. Miller 46
Santosh K. Misra 35
David L. Moore 5, 10, 11, 13, 15
Fareer Munir 15
Muhammad Mustafa 40
Robert Nale 15
William Nelson 12, 30, 41
J.A.F. Nicholls 44
Hudson Nwankama 39
Bertil Nyman 15
C. Pat Obi 12, 30, 41
Randall Odom 15
Alfonso O. Ogbuehi 12, 15, 39
Nesrin Okay 23
John J. Olivo 12, 15
A. Ben Oumlil 33
Nita Paden 38
G. Dean Palmer 12, 15, 21, 26, 45
Kristine N. Palmer 12, 15, 21, 45
John J. Sparks 16
Udo Staber 21
Ernie Stark 50, 51
Vernon Stauble 16, 49
Jack Sterrett 10, 21
Marie Steinhoff 21
Ken Stone 16
Stan Stough 16
Terry Sutton 11, 12, 16
Susan K. Switzer 12, 16, 34, 46
Michael A. Taku 16
Larry L. Thomas 12, 16, 34
Linda Thiede Thomas 50, 51
Paul Bart Trescott 16
Suneel Udpa 40
 Arjun Chatrath 30
Frank Chong 12, 14, 22, 28, 32
Mussadeq Chowdurry 14
Claudia Cines-Blanchard 14
Doug Clinton 14
Gene Cole 45
Mauri Collins 27
John J. Considine 13, 14
Nancy Csapo 14
Woodrow W. Cushing 42
V. Carol Danehower 50
Musa Durayseh 29
Barbara D. Davis 26
Mellani Day 21
Ashay Desai 28
Prakash L. Dheeriya 23
Satinder Dhiman 36
Selhattin Dibooglu 14
Nicholas DiMarco 14
Nancy A. Dittman 14
Jim Eason 14
Tim Eaton 42
Craig Ehlen 14
Stacey Eldridge 19
Jack Elfrink 11, 14, 29, 47
Olice Embry 14
S. Altan Erdem 38
Barbara Farrell 20
Robert 0. Joy 15, 34
Ravi Kamath 11, 30, 41
Janice C. Keil 15
Peter Kerr 15
Ram Kesavan 12
David Kim 12, 15
Jerry G. Kreuze 15
Greg Krippel 15
Gary Kritz 15
Victoria Krivogorsky 29
Sheldon Langsam 11, 15
Claire LaRoche 15
Patricia Lash 15
Roger Lawrence 30
W. Hadley Leavell 30, 45
Robert E. Ledman 50
Mary A. Lemons 12, 28, 50, 51
Greg Lepak 15
Donald Lester 15
Virginia B. Levsen 11, 12, 15, 22, 31, 35
William F. Lewis 13, 15, 33
Betty Jo Licata 50
Harold Little 15
Dean R. Longmore 30, 41
Gary A. Lubbert 12, 15, 50, 51
John Lucas 15
Harold Lucius 10, 26, 39
Brian D. Lynch 31
Nace Magner 11, 15
John Malley 15
Romislav Mandakovic 44
Franklyn Manu 15
Richard Palmer 15
Frederick A. Palumbo 24
John A. Parnell 12
John Parnell 40
James E. Payne, Jr. 16
Michael Payne 11, 13, 16, 40
James Perotti 31
Tim Pett 16
Richard Plank 13
Merton Powell 16
Lila Prigge 34
Diane Primont 12, 16
Robert E. Pritchard 46
Kambiz Raffiee 30
Matiur Rahman 40
Nanda Rangan 12
Douglas R. Robideaux 47
Hudson P. Rogers 39
George C. Romeo 46
Joseph Rosetti 16
Maryellen Rosetti 16
Sydney Roslow 44
Charryl Rudesill 20
Richard A. Sandbothe 38
Dawn Scheffler 16
Robert Scott 49
Thomas W. Secrest 22, 25
Randa M. Semaan 33
Betsy Semko 47
Shomir Sil 12, 30, 41
S. Kim Sokoya 16
Chellappan Somarajan 12, 16, 28, 31, 38
Donna VanIwaarden 16
Anthony Varnon 11, 16, 29, 42
Gary Vazzana 46
Kathy Wachter 44
Sam Wathen 16
Sean A. Way 50, 51
William L. Weber 13, 16
Thomas J. Webster 30, 41
Gayle Webb White 50, 51
Steven White 16
Thomas White 37
Belinda Wholeben 16, 50, 51
Judy Wiles 13
Charles Wiles 13
Chester Wolford 12
Sarah Woods 45
Peter Yannopoulos 39
Carol Bormann Young 16
Lianzan Xu 29

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