Chair: Br. Leonard Marsh, F.S.C.
Professors: Romeu, Vetrano
Associate Professors: Marsh, McMahon, Ocampo
Adjunct Faculty: Goodisman, Leovey, Leszczewicz, Schwinge, Sisera, Walter, Wozniak-Brayman, Wollowitz, Wrinn
Emeritus: Clark, Davis, Wiley
Emerita: O'Leary

Foreign language studies at Le Moyne aim to acquaint students with a language, culture and civilization different from their own.

The department of foreign languages and literatures offers majors in French and Spanish (24 credit hours above the intermediate level). Students may fulfill some of the major requirements during a study abroad program with an established and recognized institution. Arrangements for credit for such study are made in advance in consultation with the department chair.

It is strongly recommended by the department that foreign language majors who plan to attend graduate school begin the study of a second foreign language as early as possible.

The French or Spanish major who plans to teach on the middle/secondary school level can qualify for provisional certification in New York state through the successful completion of 28 credit hours in professional education offered by the College's department of education .

The department also offers a two-or three- year sequence of Greek, German, Japanese, Italian and Latin courses for students who require or desire college language credit.

A program in classical humanities is also available. No previous acquaintance with classical languages is required, and the emphasis is cultural, not linguistic. Courses include: Classical Mythology (CLS 203), Classical Literature in Translation (CLS 204), the History of Rome (CLS 211, 212), and Greek and Roman Comedy (CLS 215).

The department also affords students majoring in other disciplines the opportunity to pursue a minor concentration in French or Spanish by successfully completing 12 credit hours in the same language beyond intermediate level. For French and Spanish minors these 12 credit hours must include at least one course at the 300 or higher level.

A Japanese minor is offered to students who complete 12 semester hours beyond Elementary Japanese. The pass/fail option may not be used to fulfill requirements for a minor.

A Latin minor is offered to students who complete 12 semester hours of the language, but Elementary Latin (LAT 101-102) cannot count toward the Latin minor. The pass/fail option may not be used to fulfill requirements for a minor.

CLS courses do not fulfill a foreign language requirement.

CLS 101. VERBAL VERSATILITY:

BUILDING ENGLISH VOCABULARY FROM LATIN ELEMENTS (3).

This course consists of a systematic study of the Latin elements in the English language. It is designed to provide the student with a comprehensive understanding of English vocabulary and usage, with techniques for analyzing unfamiliar words, and with an overview of the principles of linguistic change. A portion of the course is devoted to the history of the English language and to the proper use of the dictionary. No prior knowledge of Latin is needed.

CLS 203 (ENG 203).

Classical Mythology (3).

No knowledge of Latin or Greek is required. The common repertory of myths from Greek and Roman sources is studied. Attention is also given to the influence of these myths in both ancient and later times, especially on literature and art.

CLS 204 (ENG 204). Classical Literature in Translation (3).

Selected readings and discussions of important works from ancient literatures.

CLS 205 (WMS 205). WOMEN AND LITERATURE IN ANCIENT GREECE (3).

This course surveys the chief genres of Ancient Greek literature and emphasizes the artistic representation of women in selected works of epic (Homer, Hesiod), lyric poetry (Sappho, Alcaeus, Archilochus), drama (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides), comedy (Aristophanes), and ancient prose fiction (Longus) It also analyzes these texts from the viewpoint of recent developments in Classics that apply feminist approaches to the study of ancient works.

CLS 211 (HST 311). History of the Roman Republic (3).

The rise of Rome; early monarchy and the transition to a republic; Roman expansion in Italy and the Mediterranean world; Roman social, political and economic life. The period of revolution, the rise of Caesar and the fall of the republic.

CLS 212 (HST 312). History of the Roman Empire (3).

Transition from a republic to a principate; the Augustan Principate; the Silver Age: Julio-Claudian and Flavian periods; Trajan, Hadrian and the Antonines. Persecution of Christians. Beginnings of decline and the reforms of Diocletian. The age of Constantine.

CLS 215 (ENG 215). Greek and

Roman Comedy (3).

The origins and development of comic drama in Greece and Rome. Development of the comedy in Rome and the Roman theater. Readings of selected comedies of Aristophanes, Menander, Plautus and Terence in translation. No knowledge of Greek or Latin is required.

CLS 390-399. Independent Study

(1) to (3).

A student who wishes to pursue an independent study project for academic credit must submit, prior to registration, a proposed plan of study that includes the topic to be studied and the goal to be achieved, the methodology to be followed, schedule of supervision, end product, evaluation procedure and number of credits sought. The proposal must be approved by the supervising faculty member, the department chair (program director) and the academic dean. It will be kept on file in the academic dean's office. Credit and hours by arrangement.

Language in translation courses do not fulfill a foreign language requirement.

FLL 205. North European Mythology (3).

Literary works treating the chief northern deities and associated mythological figures and heroes will be read in English translation and discussed. Their contribution to later literatures and cultures will be treated. Audio-visual materials, such as scenes from the Viking Age and recordings of Wagnerian operas, will be integrated into the course. No knowledge of Germanic or Scandinavian languages is required.

FLL 300. Twentieth-century German Novel in Translation (3).

An intensive study and reading of the major German novelists of the present century, including historical, social and political criticism. In recognized English translations such works as the following will be treated: Thomas Mann, "Buddenbrooks," "Magic Mountain" ; Erich Maria Remarque, "All Quiet on the Western Front," "Time to Love and Time to Die"; Hermann Hesse, "Magister Ludi," "Siddharrt a," "Steppenwolf"; Gunter Grass, "Tin Drum"; Franz Kafka, "Trial"; H. Boll, "Group Portrait with Lady"; Franz Werfel, "Embezzled Heaven," "40 Days of Musa Dagh"; Arnold Zweig, "Education Before Verdun." Problems of war, peace, Hitler and aftermath will be treated intensively.

FLL 310. (Senior Seminar).

World Literature in Translation (3).

Great works of literature such as Dante's "Divina Commedia," Cervantes' "Don Quixote," Goethe's "Faust" and Racine's "Andromache" and "Phaedra" are read in English translation and discussed in a way that synthesizes historically and geographically the theological, philosophical, cultural and aesthetic tendencies that underlie their creation, genre and expression.

FLL 315 (SPN 315, WMS 315).

Latin American Women Writers (3).

The course introduces students to the narrative production by women writers of Spanish America & Brazil. It explores themes and subject matter relating to women's experience in the context of questions raised by feminist criticism. It examines issues such as the engendering of subjectivity and voice, and also the critical reception of these texts in the literary canon. Finally , it addresses more general issues such as the social construction of

gender and the construction of a specific feminine identity.

FLL 316. Japanese Literature

and Culture (3).

Broad survey of Japanese literature (in translation) with emphasis on cultural and social themes. Exposure to most major genres-novels, short stories, poetry (tanka, haiku), diaries, drama, etc.-from Ancient and Heian Periods through modern Japan. General introduction to the Japanese language-phonetics, word formation, and grammatical systems; reflection of cultural norms within the language; essential features of the Japanese writing system.

FLL 374 (WMS 340, FRN 374).

Modern African Literatures (3).

Trends in African literatures written in or accessible through common European languages will be studied in English/in English translation. The course will focus primarily on Francophone literature of Africa and the Caribbean, but it will also draw on the

literatures of other parts of the continent. Class conducted in English. (Majors in French may receive major credit for this course by doing the readings and the written assignments in French.)

FLL 390-399. Independent Study.

A student who wishes to pursue an independent study project for academic credit must submit, prior to registration, a proposed plan of study that includes the topic to be studied and the goal to be achieved, the methodology to be followed, schedule of supervision, end product, evaluation procedure and number of credits sought. The proposal must be approved by the supervising faculty member, the department chair (program director) and the academic dean. It will be kept on file in the academic dean's office.

FLL 440-459. Special Topics in Foreign Language/Culture (3).

A selection of courses to provide an opportunity for study of certain specific periods, themes, genres, authors, cultural or linguistic topics. Offered in accordance with current student and faculty interest.

FRN 101-102. Elementary French

(3) and (3).

This course is intended for students who have no previous knowledge of French. The instruction is planned to enable students to read ordinary French prose, to understand simple spoken French and to begin developing a fairly correct pronunciation. Reading and oral drill constitute a large part of the work of this course. A careful study of the essentials of grammar and syntax is included with the reading. Acquisition of a basic vocabulary is of primary importance. Classroom audio-lingual practice can be supplemented by audio-taped material in Media Services, located in the library.

FRN 103-104. Intermediate French

(3) and (3).

This course includes a review of the essentials of grammar, further study of more complicated constructions, translation into French and the reading of moderately difficult modern prose and poetry. In Intermediate French, the accent is on reading, which consists chiefly of narrative texts or plays and simple poems. Classroom audio-lingual practice can be supplemented by audio-taped material in Media Services, located in the library. Prerequisite: FRN 102 or two or three years of high-school French.

FRN 105. Commercial French (3).

For learners of French who would like an introduction to business in France and in

Quebec. The course will deal with business vocabulary and custom in such areas as economic geography, government requirements for business, letter writing, transportation, insurance, accounting and labor relations. Prerequisite: students should have completed two years of college-level French or the equivalent, or permission of the instructor.

FRN 201-202. Intermediate Conversation and Composition

(3) and (3).

Intended either as an alternate or a complement to French 203-204. Emphasis on pronunciation, intonation, correct expression and systematic vocabulary development. Audio-visual work, oral reports, some compositions and class discussions based on readings from newspapers, magazines and current writings of significant authors. Intended primarily for non-

language majors. Prerequisite: FRN 104 or three or four years of high-school French.

FRN 203-204. Introduction to Literature (3) and (3).

This course consists essentially of background lectures and the reading and discussion of edited selections from the masterpieces of representative modern French authors. Prerequisite: FRN 104 or four years of high-school French.

FRN 206. French Through Film (3).

Nine feature films produced in France for the general public constitute the "texts" of this course. Although they are examples of modern film fiction, their settings include a variety of historical periods and geographical locations, providing broad insights into French culture. With its written and oral assignments based on the films viewed, the course is intended to develop analytical, listening, speaking and writing skills. Prerequisite: FRN 104 or 201 or 203 or permission of the instructor.

FRN 301. French Conversation (3).

Practice in oral French centering around topics of contemporary interest. Emphasis is placed on the development and improvement of functional language skills needed for face-to-face communication. French phonetics will be studied with the aim of improving pronunciation. Required for major. Prerequisite: FRN 202 or 204.

FRN 302. Advanced French Grammar and Composition (3).

A detailed study of French grammar and usage, leading toward a mastery of the written language. Required for major. Prerequisite: FRN 202 or 204.

FRN 306. The Age of Kings (3).

The study of major French authors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is complemented by an introduction to the cultural context of the period. Special attention is given to humanism, classicism, mannerism and the baroque aesthetic as they are represented in the literary, musical and visual arts. Prerequisite: Any 200 level course.

FRN 307. The Age of Revolution (3).

The study of major French authors of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is complemented by an introduction to the cultural context of the period. Special attention is given to the esprit critique, pre-romanticism, romanticism and the rococo aesthetic as they are represented in the literary, musical and visual arts. Prerequisite: Any 200 level course.

FRN 308. Age of Unrest (3).

A survey of 20th century French literature, which is continually exploring new directions. Emphasis is on the most successful results of experimentation in the various genres. Prerequisite: FRN 202 or 204.

FRN 314. Twentieth-Century

Theater (3).

A critical study of the contemporary theater from Giraudoux to the theater of the absurd involving an analysis of structure, style, technique and themes. Prerequisites: FRN 204, 301 or 302.

FRN 320. Francophone Literature Originating Outside of France (3).

New world and third-world Francophone literatures, offering insights into diverse cultures, will be studied primarily in representative authors from Africa and the Americas. Prerequisite: any one of the following: FRN 202, 204, 301 or 302 or permission of the instructor.

FRN 330. French Civilization (3).

A study of French history and culture, emphasizing their influence on contemporary France and their contributions to Western civilization. Required for major. Prerequisites: FRN 202, 204, 301, or 302.

FRN 390-399. Independent Study.

A student who wishes to pursue an independent study project for academic credit must submit, prior to registration, a proposed plan of study that includes the topic to be studied and the goal to be achieved, the methodology to be followed, schedule of supervision, end product, evaluation procedure and number of credits sought. The proposal must be approved by the supervising faculty member, the department chair (program director), and filed .

FRN 404. Perfectionnement in French Conversation and Composition (3).

Refinement of written and oral expression, especially the latter. Newspapers and literary texts will be utilized. Strongly recommended for all French majors. Prerequisite: FRN 301-302.

FRN 440-459. Special Topics in French (3).

A selection of courses to provide an opportunity for study of certain specific periods, themes, genres, authors or linguistic topics. Offered in accordance with current student and faculty interest. Prerequisite: FRN 301-302 (formerly FRN 201-202).

GER 101-102. Elementary German

(3) and (3).

For students who are beginning the study of German. This course comprises the essentials of grammar, vocabulary building and composition, together with the reading of easy selections in prose and verse.

GER 103-104. Intermediate German

(3) and (3).

This course consists of a study of relevant sections of German literature, especially the novellas and/or a novel of the 20th century. The course serves as a bridge between audio-lingually and grammatically oriented prior work and more advanced literary readings. Prerequisite: GER 101-102 or two or three years of high-school German.

GER 201-202. Intermediate Conversation and Composition

(3) and (3).

Emphasis on pronunciation, intonation, correct expression, and systematic vocabulary development. Audio-visual work, oral reports, some compositions, and class discussions based on readings from newspapers, magazines, and current writings

of significant authors. Prerequisite: German 104, or 3 or 4 years of high

school German.

GER 203-204.* Introduction to Literature (3) and (3).

This course consists essentially of background lectures on the literary history of Germany and the reading and discussion of edited selections from the masterpieces of representative German authors. Prerequisite: GER 104 or four years of high-school German.

*If there is insufficient enrollment in this course, it will be replaced with GER 390-399 Independent Study.

GER 390-399. Independent Study (3).

A student who wishes to pursue an independent study project for academic credit must submit, prior to registration, a proposed plan of study that includes the topic to be studied and the goal to be achieved, the methodology to be followed, schedule of supervision, end product, evaluation procedure and number of credits sought. The proposal must be approved by the supervising faculty member, the department chair and the academic dean. It will be kept on file in the academic dean's office. Credit and hours by arrangement.

GRK 101-102. Elementary Classical Greek (3) and (3).

This course is designed for students who are beginning the study of Classical Greek, and it requires no previous language experience . Its purpose is to introduce the student to the essentials of the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary of Greek, and to provide students with the skills necessary for the reading and comprehension of prose works in Classical Greek. Portions of the course are devoted to the historical, social and cultural contexts in which Ancient Greek developed and flourished as a literary language.

GRK 103-104. Intermediate Classical Greek (3) and (3).

Designed for continuing students of Classical Greek, this course sequence reviews the basics of elementary Classical Greek and introduces the student to the more advanced grammar and syntax necessary for the reading and comprehension of prose and verse works in both adapted and unaltered Classical Greek. Representative selections include Homer, Thucydides, Herodotus and Aristophanes. Throughout the sequence, an emphasis on attendant historical, social, literary and cultural contexts afford the student a comprehensive overview of Classical Greece and its legacy. Prerequisite: GRK 102 or permission of the instructor.

HBR 101-102. Elementary Classical Hebrew (3) and (3).

This course is designed for those students who are beginning the study of Biblical Hebrew. This course includes the essentials of grammar, vocabulary building and composition, together with the reading of easy prose selections from the Hebrew Bible. Offered according to student interest/need.

HBR 103-104. Intermediate Classical Hebrew (3) and (3).

This course is designed for those students who are continuing the study of Biblical Hebrew. It includes a review of the essentials of grammar, further study of more complicated constructions, and the reading of prose and poetry from various books of the Hebrew Scriptures. Prerequisites: HBR 101-102 or the equivalent. Offered according to student interest/need.

HBR 111-112. Hebrew Readings (3) and (3).

The reading of texts of moderate difficulty and complexity in the Hebrew Bible, with particular attention to classical Hebrew syntax , especially the analysis of the tense sequence of verbs. Students are expected to have mastered an introductory

Hebrew grammar such as T. Lambdin's "Introduction to Biblical Hebrew." Offered according to student interest/need.

ITL 101-102. Elementary Italian (3) and (3).

This course is designed for those students who are beginning the study of Italian. This course includes the essentials of grammar, vocabulary building and composition, together with the reading of easy selections in prose and verse. Classroom audio-lingual practice can be supplemented by audio-taped material in Media Services, located in the library.

ITL 103-104. Intermediate Italian (3) and (3).

After a rapid review of the essentials of grammar, students are introduced to an appreciation of the various forms of literary expression in prose and verse. Classroom audio-lingual practice can be supplemented by audio-taped material in Media Services, located in the library. Prerequisite: ITL 102 or two or three years of high-school Italian.

ITL 201-202. Intermediate Conversation and Composition

(3) and (3).

Emphasis on correct expression and vocabulary development. Audio-visual work, oral reports, compositions and class discussions based on readings from newspapers, magazines and current writings of significant authors. Prerequisites: ITL 104, three or four years of high-school Italian, or permission of the instructor.

JPN 101-102. Elementary Japanese

(3) and (3).

This course is designed for students who are beginning the study of Japanese. The instruction is planned to enable students to read the Japanese syllaberies, to understand simple spoken Japanese, and to begin developing correct pronunciation. Oral drills and memorization of sentence patterns constitute a large part of the work of this course. Acquisition of a basic vocabulary is of primary importance. Preliminary study of grammar and syntax is undertaken. Classroom audio-lingual practice will be supplemented by audio-taped material in Media Services, located in the library.

JPN 103-104. Intermediate Japanese (3) and (3).

This course will emphasize increased proficiency in Japanese conversation with special emphasis on speech styles and levels. Students will learn how to function linguistically in a wide variety of practical situations. Reading of simple texts will begin as student s learn up to 300-400 basic kanji (Chinese characters). Additional skills will be developed in composition writing and public speaking in Japanese. Students will be introduced to topics in intermediate to advanced grammar. Prerequisite: JPN 102 or the equivalent.

JPN 201-202. Intermediate Composition and Conversation

(3) and (3).

Third-year course designed to provide students with advanced conversational skill and intermediate skill in reading and writing Japanese. Topics in advanced grammar (clauses, conditional, passive, causative, additional speech levels) and expanded vocabulary study. Intensive study of 500 more kanji (Chinese characters) and reading of selected original materials. Training in use of Japanese dictionaries. Practice in Japanese composition and oral presentations. Prerequisite: JPN 104 or the equivalent.

LAT 101-102. Elementary Latin

(3) and (3).

This course presumes no previous study of Latin. It endeavors to prepare the student for continuing the language in college.

LAT 103-104. Intermediate Latin

(3) and (3).

The objective of this course is to acquire a high level of comprehension and reasonable speed in interpreting the less difficult Latin authors. Prerequisites: LAT 101-102 or high-school equivalent.

LAT 203. Introduction to Latin Literature: Prose (3).

Designed as a general survey of the development of Latin prose and its historical and cultural backgrounds, this course introduces the student to selections from a number of representative authors, including Caesar, Cicero, Nepos, Livy and Pliny. The course also reviews the basic grammar and syntax of Latin prose and is suitable for students with four years of high school Latin.

Lat 204. Introduction to Latin Literature: Poetry (3).

This course serves as an introduction to the reading and appreciation of Latin verse. Focusing primarily on epic and elegy, readings include selections from Vergil, Ovid, Tibullus, Propertius and Martial. The course introduces the student to the essentials of Latin meter and is suitable for students with four years of high school Latin.

LAT 213. Roman Lyric Poetry (3).

Selected readings from the odes of Horace and Catullus. Prerequisites: Intermediate Latin (LAT 103-104) or the equivalent.

LAT 214. Roman Satire (3).

The origin of Roman satire. Selected readings from the Roman satirists, especially Horace and Juvenal. Prerequisites or co-requisites: Intermediate Latin (LAT 103-104) or the equivalent.

LAT 215. GOLDEN AGE PROSE (3).

Selected readings designed to introduce the student to the prose literature of typical Golden Age authors, including: Caesar, Cicero, Livy, and Sallust. In any given semester, authors and selections read will be based on student interest and program needs. Prerequisites or corequisites: Intermediate Latin (103-104) or the equivalent.

LAT 216. SILVER AGE PROSE (3).

Selected readings designed to introduce the student to the prose literature of typical Silver Age authors, including Suetonius, Seneca, Petronius, Tacitus, and Pliny. In any given semester, authors and selections read will be based on student interest and program needs. Prerequisites or corequisites: Intermediate Latin (103-104) or the equivalent.

LAT 217. Roman Poetry: The Augustan Age (3).

Concentrating primarily on Vergil's Aeneid, this course serves as an introduction to the development of the Roman national epic and to the incorporation of contemporary social and political themes into the literature of the late Republic and early Empire. Special emphasis is given the use of Augustan imagery and ideals in the works of Vergil and Horace. Prerequisites: Intermediate Latin (LAT 103/104) or equivalent.

LAT 390-399. Independent Study.

A student who wishes to pursue an independent study project for academic credit must submit, prior to registration, a proposed plan of study that includes the topic to be studied and goal to be achieved, the methodology to be followed, schedule of supervision, end product, evaluation procedure and number of credits sought. The proposal must be approved by the supervising faculty member, the department chair and the academic dean. It will be kept on file in the academic dean's office. Credit and hours by arrangement.

SPN 101-102. Elementary Spanish (3) and (3).

This course is designed for students who are beginning the study of Spanish. It includes the essentials of grammar, vocabulary building and elementary composition, together with the reading of moderately difficult selections in Spanish prose. Classroom audio-lingual practice can be supplemented by audio-taped material in Media Services, located in the library.

SPN 103-104. Intermediate Spanish (3) and (3).

Review and practice of basic grammatical structures. Emphasis on all four language skills. Introduction to selected Spanish readings. Classroom practice can be supplemented by taped material in Media Services, located in the library. Prerequisite: SPN 102 or two or three years of high-school Spanish.

SPN 105. Spanish for Business (3).

Designed for Spanish and/or business students interested in serving a growing Spanish-speaking clientele in this country and abroad or in working for corporations and agencies that deal with Spanish or Latin American economics, this practical course will cover commerce, investments, marketing, banking, advertising, management and transportation. It will also cover commercial correspondence, including memos, resumes and business letters. Prerequisite: students should have completed two years of college Spanish or the equivalent, or permission of the instructor.

SPN 106. Introduction to Hispanic Culture and Civilization (3).

The course is designed to improve and increase students' oral and written performance in the Spanish language, and to expose them to the variety and complexity of Hispanic culture in general, and to Latin American in particular. Prerequisite: SPN 104 or the equivalent.

SPN 200. Spanish for Native Speakers (3).

A Spanish course designed to address the needs of Hispanic students who speak and understand the language but may not have studied it formally. The course is intended to strengthen students' abilities to speak, read, write and translate Spanish, thus providing an extra skill in any fields in which the students may choose to specialize. Prerequisite: Open only to Hispanic students with some knowledge of the language; not open to English speakers.

SPN 201-202. Intermediate Conversation and Composition (3) and (3).

Intended as an alternate to SPN 203-204. Emphasis on pronunciation, intonation, correct expression and systematic vocabulary development. Audio-visual work, oral reports, compositions and class discussions based on readings from newspapers, magazines and current writings of significant authors. Intended primarily for non-language majors. Prerequisite: SPN 104 or three or four years of high-school Spanish.

SPN 203-204. Introduction to Literature (3) and (3).

Modern Spanish and Spanish-American readings in prose, poetry and drama. Discussion and written work focus on practice of the language (reinforcement of grammatical structures and broadening of vocabulary) and some basic principles of literary analysis. Prerequisite: SPN 104 or four years of high-school Spanish.

SPN 301-302. Spanish Composition and Conversation (3) and (3).

Systematic exercise in the writing of original themes and intensive oral and aural practice based on a variety of topics constitute the essential part of the course. Only Spanish is spoken in class. Prerequisite: SPN 202 or 204. Required

for majors.

SPN 303-304. Survey of Spanish Literature (3) and (3).

A survey course consisting of background lectures and readings of edited segments from the representative masterpieces of Spanish literature from the epic poem, "Cantar de Mio Cid," to the 20th century. Prerequisite: SPN 301 or 302 or permission of the chair.

SPN 311. Spanish Civilization (3).

A study of the Spanish character and of Spain's contribution to world civilization through a tracing of its geographic, ethnic, social, political, economic and cultural characteristics. Readings in civilization, discussions and slide-lectures. Only Spanish is spoken in class. Prerequisite: SPN 204 or 302. Required for majors.

SPN 312. Spanish American Civilization (3).

The development of Spanish America through a study of its historical, social, political, economic and artistic institutions. Readings, discussions, oral and written reports and slide-lectures. Only Spanish is spoken in class. Prerequisite: SPN 204 or 302. Required for majors.

SPN 315 (FLL 315/WMS 315). Latin American Women Writers (3).

See course description for FLL 315.

SPN 390-399. Independent Study.

A student who wishes to pursue an independent study project for academic credit must submit, prior to registration, a proposed plan of study that includes the topic to be studied and the goal to be achieved, the methodology to be followed, schedule of supervision, end product, evaluation procedure and number of credits sought. The proposal must be approved by the supervising faculty member, the department chair (program director) and the academic dean. It will be kept on file in the academic dean's office.

SPN 421. Twentieth-Century Spanish Prose: Generation of 1898 to the Spanish Civil War (3).

Readings and discussion of essays and fiction by the most prominent writers of the period. The course attempts to give the student insight into the character and thought of twentieth-century Spain that led to the devastating Spanish Civil War. Prerequisite: SPN 302 or permission of the chair. Required for majors.

SPN 422. Twentieth-Century Spanish Fiction: From the Spanish Civil War to the Present (3).

Selected readings and discussion of the fiction written after the Spanish Civil War. The course attempts to portray the scars of the war and give the student insight into the great changes that have occurred in Spain since then. Prerequisite: SPN 302 or permission of the chair.

SPN 423. Twentieth-Century Spanish Drama and Poetry (3).

Selected readings and discussion of the most prominent playwrights and poets of twentieth-century Spain. Prerequisite: SPN 302 or permission of the chair.

SPN 431. Twentieth-Century Spanish-American Fiction (3).

Selected novels and short stories from the most prominent of contemporary Spanish-American writers. These readings and discussion will attempt to give the student insight into the diversity of the Americas. Prerequisite: SPN 302 or permission of

the chair.

SPN 432. Twentieth-Century Spanish-American Drama and Poetry (3).

Writings from selected poets and playwrights of this century that have had great impact in the Spanish-speaking world. Prerequisite: SPN 302 or permission

of the chair.

SPN 440-459. Special Topics in Spanish (3).

A selection of courses to provide an opportunity for study of certain specific periods, themes, genres, authors or linguistic topics offered in accordance with current student and faculty interest. Prerequisite: SPN 301-302.

SPN 490-491. Spanish Internship (1-3).

Participation in a field learning experience closely related to one of the areas of Spanish. The student intern will report as required to the faculty member assigned to supervise this field experience and is expected to evaluate the experience and relate it to his or her academic program. Three hours of field work per week will be required to generate one credit.